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[submodule "themes/PaperMod"]
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path = themes/PaperMod
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url = https://github.com/adityatelange/hugo-PaperMod.git
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# [Personal website](https://ivanch.me)
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# [Personal blogging](https://blog.ivanch.me)
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This will be eventually migrated to an embedded page on my website.
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# Local dev (notes for myself really)
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## Running
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1. `git submodule update --init --recursive`
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Content: |
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Nothing good around here, maybe you misclicked.
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But if you're here, you can check my [resumé](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oYf68qKXUnBz7d4qjHX-hTw_-f5EKgeF/view)
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or my [home page](https://ivanch.me/).
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I also self-host some pretty cool stuff.
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socialIcons:
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# - name: "Instagram"
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content/posts/home-k8s.md
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content/posts/home-k8s.md
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---
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title: "Homemade Kubernetes"
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date: 2025-08-18T10:30:00-03:00
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draft: false
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summary: Why I went with k3s for local homelab.
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---
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tl;dr: wanted to learn k8s properly and wanted some high availability for some services. Also solves loneliness ;)
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---
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I started to have some issues in regards to high availability for some services. I wanted to make sure that my self-hosted applications would remain accessible even if one of my servers went down (like Jellyfin). This led me to explore Kubernetes as a solution.
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As you may or may not know, k8s is a container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. However it comes with a lot of complexity and operational overhead. I tried to set up a k8s cluster using [k3s](https://k3s.io/), which is a lightweight version of Kubernetes. It seems to be a good starting point, I'm using it since then and has been working wonders so far.
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Currently I'm running them while all config files are on a NFS server, this makes managing configurations easier and backup-ready. For this, I'm using `nfs-subdir-external-provisioner` to manage PVCs through NFS. I have also setup 2 backup cronjobs: one for local servers and another for a remote server.
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## Pros and cons
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Pros that I have noticed:
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* **Easy to set up and manage**: k3s is designed to be lightweight and easy to install
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* **High availability**: if a server goes down, I can still access the services in there
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* I haven't been able to properly set a HA k3s cluster yet as I need more hardware
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* Currently, I'm using a single master-node setup
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* **Backups** are easy to manage if you have all configurations under one place.
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* **Cronjobs** are a breeze to set up and manage, mainly if you need to perform backup rituals.
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* **"Enterprise-grade"** cluster in your home!
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* **Have fun :)**
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Cons:
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* **Complexity**: While k3s simplifies many aspects of Kubernetes, it still requires a certain level of understanding of container orchestration concepts.
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* **Single-point of failure**: In my current setup, the single master node is a potential point of failure. If it goes down, the entire cluster becomes unavailable.
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* This can be solved with a multi-master setup, but it requires additional hardware.
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* **Learning curve**: Kubernetes has a steep learning curve -- which is good for people like me.
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## Current setup
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This is my current (might be outdated) setup:
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* 2 Orange Pi running k3s
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- Each with 4 GB RAM, 4C/4T, 256GB SD card on each.
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* 1 Mini PC
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- 6 GB RAM, 2C/4T, 64GB internal memory + 512GB SD Card
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* Proxmox
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- 32 GB RAM, 6C/12T, 1 TB SSD
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- Currently I run these VMs with k3s:
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- 1 prod-like VM
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- 1 dev-like VM
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- 1 work sandbox VM
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At a tech level, I haven't made my setup / scripts / configurations public yet.
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---
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I believe that everyone should try this at home, be in a dedicated hardware/server or in a VM. It's a great way to learn and experiment with Kubernetes in a controlled environment.
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I'm still running some services on Docker itself, but I'm slowly migrating them to k8s. Some services like DNS and Traefik Reverse Proxy are a bit more complex to set up.
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summary: "Everyone should have Netflix at home"
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---
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Those are some of the services that I use currently and that I find very useful. But maybe the hobby is going too far...
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[Why I'm slowly changing to Kubernetes.](https://blog.ivanch.me/posts/home-k8s/)
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# Honorable Mentions:
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* [Proxmox VE](https://www.proxmox.com/) - Got put those VMs somewhere.
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## Necessary ones
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* [AdGuard](https://hub.docker.com/r/adguard/adguardhome) - DNS-based Adblocker service (also useful to block malware and other unwanted things).
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* Easy setup alternative: [PiHole](https://hub.docker.com/r/pihole/pihole) - Same thing, but easier to setup.
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* [Portainer](https://www.portainer.io/) - Container management.
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* Lightweight alternative: [Dockge](https://dockge.kuma.pet/) - Container and Compose management.
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* [Nginx Proxy Manager](https://nginxproxymanager.com/) - Reverse proxy manager.
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* Alternative: [Caddy](https://hub.docker.com/_/caddy)
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* [Dockge](https://dockge.kuma.pet/) - Container and Compose management.
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* Alternative: [Portainer](https://www.portainer.io/) - Container management.
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* [Traefik](https://hub.docker.com/_/traefik) - Reverse proxy manager.
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* Alternative: [Nginx Proxy Manager](https://nginxproxymanager.com/)
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* [WatchTower](https://containrrr.dev/watchtower/) - Automatic container updates.
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* My lightweight alternative to this is my own `.sh` script that runs every 4 days that updates all containers on the server.
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* My lightweight alternative to this is my own `.sh` script that runs every 4 days that updates all containers on a specific server.
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* [Paperless](https://docs.paperless-ngx.com/) - Keep those important documents and papers organized with easy searching.
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## Misc
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* [Homarr](https://homarr.dev/) - A beautiful dashboard with all services and sometimes some nice widgets.
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* [Homarr](https://homarr.dev/) - A stylish dashboard with all services and sometimes some nice widgets.
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* [Beszel](https://beszel.dev/) - Server monitor with some useful alarms.
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* [Statping](https://statping.com/) - Application ping.
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* Beautier alternative: [Uptime Kuma](https://uptime.kuma.pet/).
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* [Uptime Kuma](https://uptime.kuma.pet/) - Status monitoring for applications.
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* [Gitea](https://gitea.com/) - Homemade GitHub (with Actions!)
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* [Notepad](https://github.com/pereorga/minimalist-web-notepad) - Homemade dontpad.
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* [Code Server](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/code-server/) - VSCode inside of a Docker.
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* [FileBrowser](https://filebrowser.org/installation#docker/) - Hosting files made easier.
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* [Ngnix](https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx/) - Let's all love nginx.
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* [WireGuard](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/wireguard) - Own personal VPN tunnel.
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* [nginx](https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx/) - Let's all love nginx.
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* [WireGuard](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/wireguard) - Personal VPN tunnel.
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* [it-tools](https://hub.docker.com/r/corentinth/it-tools) - Some useful tools that we use every now and then.
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## Media (*arr stack)
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* [Jellyfin](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/jellyfin/) - Homemade Netflix (I hate Plex).
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* [Transmission](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/transmission/) - Torrent client with a simple web interface.
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* Alternative [qBitTorrent](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/qbittorrent) - I'm unlucky to setup it but ok, it's nicer.
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* Alternative [qBitTorrent](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/qbittorrent) - A more advanced web interface.
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* [Prowlarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/prowlarr/) - Torrent tracker aggregator.
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* [Sonarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/sonarr/) - TV shows management (Torrent integration).
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* [Radarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/radarr/) - Movies management (Torrent integration).
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* [Lidarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/lidarr/) - Music management (Torrent integration).
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* [Lidarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/lidarr/) - Music management (Torrent integration), though I don't use this one.
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## Game server
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* [Minecraft Server](https://hub.docker.com/r/itzg/minecraft-server/) - For that 2 week period every 3 years.
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