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---
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title: ".NET - Proper API error handling"
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date: 2024-06-20T20:00:06-03:00
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draft: false
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summary: "Because returning stack traces isn't secure."
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---
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The main idea behind having centralized error handling is that we can process any unhandled exception to:
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* Return formatted responses without revealing any internal functionality
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* Process issues so that they are properly logged on logs or other monitoring systems (like Sentry)
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* Make sure all errors have the same external behavior
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For that, we will use a new middleware class:
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```csharp
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public class ErrorResponse
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{
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public string Message { get; set; }
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}
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public class ErrorHandlerMiddleware {
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private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
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private readonly ILogger<ErrorHandlerMiddleware> _logger;
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private readonly IHostEnvironment _env;
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public ErrorHandlerMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<ErrorHandlerMiddleware> logger, IHostEnvironment env){
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_next = next;
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_logger = logger;
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_env = env;
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}
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public async Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext)
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{
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// Attempts to execute the next action on the http chain
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// If it fails, we log the exception and trigger the HandleErrorAsync method
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try
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{
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await _next(httpContext);
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}
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catch(Exception ex)
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{
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_logger.LogError(ex, "An unhandled exception has occurred: {Message}", ex.Message);
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await HandleErrorAsync(httpContext, ex);
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}
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}
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private async Task HandleErrorAsync(HttpContext context, Exception exception)
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{
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context.Response.ContentType = "application/json";
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context.Response.StatusCode = (int) HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
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ErrorResponse errorResponse;
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if (_env.IsDevelopment())
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{
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// In development, we want to see the full details for easier debugging.
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errorResponse = new ErrorResponse
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{
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Message = exception.ToString()
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};
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}
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else
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{
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// In production, we return a generic message to avoid leaking details.
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errorResponse = new ErrorResponse
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{
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Message = "An internal server error occurred. Please try again later."
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};
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}
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// We use the modern System.Text.Json for serialization via WriteAsJsonAsync
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await context.Response.WriteAsJsonAsync(errorResponse);
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}
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}
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```
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We will also define a new Extension class to register this middleware:
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```csharp
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public static class ErrorHandlerExtensions
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{
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public static IApplicationBuilder UseErrorHandler(this IApplicationBuilder appBuilder)
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{
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return appBuilder.UseMiddleware<ErrorHandler>();
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}
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}
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```
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And then we just configure it on the `Configure()` method at the startup:
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```csharp
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public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
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{
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app.UseErrorHandler();
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}
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```
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Now, when there's an issue on the API execution, the API will return something like this:
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```json
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{
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"Message": "Internal Server Error"
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}
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```
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Sources:
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* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/middleware/write?view=aspnetcore-8.0](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/middleware/write?view=aspnetcore-8.0)
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@ -5,45 +5,26 @@ draft: false
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summary: "Everyone should have Netflix at home"
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summary: "Everyone should have Netflix at home"
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---
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---
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Those are some of the services that I use currently and that I find very useful. But maybe the hobby is going too far...
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Just having fun.
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# Honorable Mentions:
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* [Proxmox VE](https://www.proxmox.com/) - Got put those VMs somewhere.
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* [Proxmox VE Helper Scripts](https://community-scripts.github.io/ProxmoxVE/) - easy deploys.
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* [OpenMediaVault](https://www.openmediavault.org/) - NAS made simple.
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## Necessary ones
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* [AdGuard](https://hub.docker.com/r/adguard/adguardhome) - DNS-based Adblocker service (also useful to block malware and other unwanted things).
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* Easy setup alternative: [PiHole](https://hub.docker.com/r/pihole/pihole) - Same thing, but easier to setup.
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* [Portainer](https://www.portainer.io/) - Container management.
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* Lightweight alternative: [Dockge](https://dockge.kuma.pet/) - Container and Compose management.
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* [Nginx Proxy Manager](https://nginxproxymanager.com/) - Reverse proxy manager.
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* Alternative: [Caddy](https://hub.docker.com/_/caddy)
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* [WatchTower](https://containrrr.dev/watchtower/) - Automatic container updates.
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* My lightweight alternative to this is my own `.sh` script that runs every 4 days that updates all containers on the server.
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* [Paperless](https://docs.paperless-ngx.com/) - Keep those important documents and papers organized with easy searching.
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## Misc
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## Misc
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* [Homarr](https://homarr.dev/) - A beautiful dashboard with all services and sometimes some nice widgets.
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* [Netdata](https://hub.docker.com/r/netdata/netdata/) - Server monitor.
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* [Beszel](https://beszel.dev/) - Server monitor with some useful alarms.
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* [Heimdall](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/heimdall/) - Panel to add all your selfhosted services.
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* [Statping](https://statping.com/) - Application ping.
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* [Statping](https://statping.com/) - Application ping.
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* Beautier alternative: [Uptime Kuma](https://uptime.kuma.pet/).
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* [Uptime Kuma](https://uptime.kuma.pet/) - Application ping (beautier).
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* [Gitea](https://gitea.com/) - Homemade GitHub (with Actions!)
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* [Gitea](https://gitea.com/) - Homemade GitHub.
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* [Notepad](https://github.com/pereorga/minimalist-web-notepad) - Homemade dontpad.
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* [Notepad](https://github.com/pereorga/minimalist-web-notepad) - Homemade Dontpad.
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* [Code Server](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/code-server/) - VSCode inside of a Docker.
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* [Code Server](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/code-server/) - VSCode inside of a Docker.
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* [FileBrowser](https://filebrowser.org/installation#docker/) - Hosting files made easier.
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* [FileBrowser](https://filebrowser.org/installation#docker/) - The name says by itself.
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* [Ngnix](https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx/) - Let's all love nginx.
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* [Ngnix](https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx/) - Web server like this one.
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* [WireGuard](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/wireguard) - Own personal VPN tunnel.
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* [it-tools](https://hub.docker.com/r/corentinth/it-tools) - Some useful tools that we use every now and then.
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## Media (*arr stack)
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## Media
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* [Jellyfin](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/jellyfin/) - Homemade Netflix (I hate Plex).
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* [Transmission](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/transmission/) - Torrent client
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* [Transmission](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/transmission/) - Torrent client with a simple web interface.
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* [Prowlarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/prowlarr/) - Indexer manager
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* Alternative [qBitTorrent](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/qbittorrent) - I'm unlucky to setup it but ok, it's nicer.
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* [Sonarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/sonarr/) - TV shows management
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* [Prowlarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/prowlarr/) - Torrent tracker aggregator.
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* [Radarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/radarr/) - Movies management
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* [Sonarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/sonarr/) - TV shows management (Torrent integration).
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* [Lidarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/lidarr/) - Music management
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* [Radarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/radarr/) - Movies management (Torrent integration).
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* [Jellyfin](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/jellyfin/) - Homemade Netflix
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* [Lidarr](https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxserver/lidarr/) - Music management (Torrent integration).
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## Game server
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## Game server
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* [Minecraft Server](https://hub.docker.com/r/itzg/minecraft-server/) - For that 2 week period every 3 years.
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* [Minecraft Server](https://hub.docker.com/r/itzg/minecraft-server/) - The name says by itself².
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@ -1 +1 @@
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Subproject commit 5a4651783fa9159123d947bd3511b355146d4797
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Subproject commit 9f1f414be805a2f94e2f51bd4be2b365ff12386d
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